In order to study the development law and pollution characteristics of dust weathers, two strong sandstorm processes occurring in northern China in March 2021 (the processes on March 15 and 27, referred to as “3·15” process and “3·27” process, respectively) are analyzed based on polarized mie-scattering lidar observation data and hourly urban particulate mass concentration data in Shijiazhuang and Jinan. The results are as follows: (1) When the dust arrived, the mass concentration of PM₁₀ in the two cities increased rapidly, and the mass concentration ratio of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ decreased rapidly. (2) The PM₁₀ mass concentration of the two cities conformed to the normal distribution during the two processes, and the determination coefficients of the Gaussian fitting of the PM₁₀ mass concentration in Shijiazhuang and Jinan during the “3·15” process and the “3·27” process were 0.92 and 0.76, 0.83 and 0.89, respectively. (3) During the dust outbreak period, the extinction coefficient and depolarization ratio near the ground increased significantly. (4) Due to dust sedimentation and different sources of dust, a multi-layer structure appeared during dust transport, which can be divided into near-surface dust layer, low-altitude dust layer and high-altitude dust layer. The appearance time of near-surface dust layer was basically consistent with the sharp rise time of ground particle mass concentration. (5) At the height of 195 m (close to the ground and with reliable radar data quality), the maximum depolarization ratio in Shijiazhuang and Jinan during the “3·15” process (the“3·27” process) was 0.29, 0.28 (0.23, 0.20), and the maximum extinction coefficient was 3.94, 3.84 km^-1 (3.10, 1.83 km^-1), respectively, which showed that the strength of dust became weaker and the large particles decreased continuously during the transport process. The time when the depolarization ratio at this height began to rise rapidly was about 1 h earlier than the time when the mass concentration of ground particles began to rise rapidly. (6) According to the pollution characteristics of dust weather, its development can be divided into four stages: the early stage, the outbreak stage, the maintenance stage and the late stage. The different stages of dust can be well identified by comprehensive use of PM₁₀ mass concentration, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mass concentration ratio, extinction coefficient and depolarization ratio.